Biology MCQ For NEET
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| Biology MCQ For NEET |
Biology MCQ For NEET Set 1 (Questions 1–50)
1. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Ribosome
d) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer: b) Mitochondria
2. What is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?
a) Mitochondria
b) Chloroplast
c) Nucleus
d) Vacuole
Answer: b) Chloroplast
3. Which of the following is NOT a component of nucleotides?
a) Phosphate group
b) Sugar molecule
c) Nitrogenous base
d) Amino acid
Answer: d) Amino acid
4. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of:
a) Cell wall
b) Plasma membrane
c) Nuclear envelope
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: b) Plasma membrane
5. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
a) Lysosome
b) Ribosome
c) Peroxisome
d) Centriole
Answer: b) Ribosome
6. Which enzyme unzips the DNA double helix during replication?
a) DNA polymerase
b) Helicase
c) Ligase
d) Topoisomerase
Answer: b) Helicase
7. Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?
a) Prophase I
b) Metaphase I
c) Anaphase II
d) Telophase I
Answer: a) Prophase I
8. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
a) mRNA
b) tRNA
c) rRNA
d) snRNA
Answer: b) tRNA
9. Mendel’s law of segregation is observed during:
a) Mitosis
b) Anaphase I of meiosis
c) Prophase II of meiosis
d) Cytokinesis
Answer: b) Anaphase I of meiosis
10. A person with blood group AB has the genotype:
a) IAIA
b) IBIB
c) IAIB
d) ii
Answer: c) IAIB
11. In humans, digestion begins in the:
a) Stomach
b) Small intestine
c) Mouth
d) Esophagus
Answer: c) Mouth
12. The structural and functional unit of the kidney is:
a) Neuron
b) Nephron
c) Alveolus
d) Villus
Answer: b) Nephron
13. Which blood group is the universal donor?
a) A+
b) B
c) AB+
d) O
Answer: d) O
14. Which part of the brain regulates heartbeat and breathing?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: c) Medulla oblongata
15. Insulin is secreted by which cells of the pancreas?
a) Alpha cells
b) Beta cells
c) Delta cells
d) Gamma cells
Answer: b) Beta cells
16. The exchange of gases in humans occurs in the:
a) Trachea
b) Bronchi
c) Alveoli
d) Larynx
Answer: c) Alveoli
17. Which hormone is responsible for the “fight or flight” response?
a) Insulin
b) Adrenaline
c) Thyroxine
d) Estrogen
Answer: b) Adrenaline
18. The largest gland in the human body is:
a) Pancreas
b) Liver
c) Thyroid
d) Pituitary
Answer: b) Liver
19. Which bone protects the brain?
a) Ribcage
b) Vertebral column
c) Cranium
d) Pelvis
Answer: c) Cranium
20. Night blindness is caused by a deficiency of:
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
Answer: a) Vitamin A
21. Which plant hormone promotes cell elongation?
a) Cytokinin
b) Gibberellin
c) Abscisic acid
d) Ethylene
Answer: b) Gibberellin
22. The process of water movement through a plant is called:
a) Transpiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Respiration
d) Guttation
Answer: a) Transpiration
23. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: b) Oxygen
24. The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by:
a) Guard cells
b) Epidermal cells
c) Mesophyll cells
d) Xylem cells
Answer: a) Guard cells
25. Which pigment absorbs light during photosynthesis?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Chlorophyll
c) Melanin
d) Carotene
Answer: b) Chlorophyll
26. The conversion of glucose into pyruvate occurs in:
a) Glycolysis
b) Krebs cycle
c) Oxidative phosphorylation
d) Gluconeogenesis
Answer: a) Glycolysis
27. The site of the Krebs cycle in eukaryotic cells is:
a) Cytoplasm
b) Mitochondrial matrix
c) Inner mitochondrial membrane
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Mitochondrial matrix
28. Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
a) Oxygen
b) Glucose
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Water
Answer: a) Oxygen
29. Fermentation in yeast produces:
a) Lactic acid
b) Ethanol
c) Glucose
d) Pyruvate
Answer: b) Ethanol
30. ATP is synthesized in mitochondria during:
a) Glycolysis
b) Oxidative phosphorylation
c) Photophosphorylation
d) Substratelevel phosphorylation
Answer: b) Oxidative phosphorylation
31. The primary source of energy for Earth’s climate system is:
a) Geothermal energy
b) Solar radiation
c) Tidal energy
d) Biomass
Answer: b) Solar radiation
32. The HardyWeinberg equilibrium applies to a population that is:
a) Small and isolated
b) Undergoing natural selection
c) Not evolving
d) Experiencing gene flow
Answer: c) Not evolving
33. Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?
a) Water
b) Sunlight
c) Bacteria
d) Soil
Answer: c) Bacteria
34. The process of nitrogen fixation is carried out by:
a) Fungi
b) Bacteria
c) Algae
d) Protozoa
Answer: b) Bacteria
35. A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected is called:
a) Mutualism
b) Commensalism
c) Parasitism
d) Predation
Answer: b) Commensalism
36. Which of the following is a vestigial organ in humans?
a) Liver
b) Appendix
c) Pancreas
d) Spleen
Answer: b) Appendix
37. Natural selection acts on:
a) Genes
b) Phenotypes
c) Chromosomes
d) Proteins
Answer: b) Phenotypes
38. The theory of evolution was proposed by:
a) Gregor Mendel
b) Charles Darwin
c) Louis Pasteur
d) Robert Hooke
Answer: b) Charles Darwin
39. Which kingdom includes organisms with chitin in their cell walls?
a) Plantae
b) Animalia
c) Fungi
d) Protista
Answer: c) Fungi
40. The largest phylum in the animal kingdom is:
a) Chordata
b) Arthropoda
c) Mollusca
d) Annelida
Answer: b) Arthropoda
41. In humans, fertilization occurs in the:
a) Ovary
b) Uterus
c) Fallopian tube
d) Cervix
Answer: c) Fallopian tube
42. The male gamete in flowering plants is:
a) Pollen grain
b) Ovule
c) Stigma
d) Anther
Answer: a) Pollen grain
43. Which hormone triggers ovulation in females?
a) FSH
b) LH
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone
Answer: b) LH
44. Binary fission is a mode of reproduction in:
a) Amoeba
b) Hydra
c) Earthworm
d) Frog
Answer: a) Amoeba
45. The process of formation of gametes is called:
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Cytokinesis
d) Differentiation
Answer: b) Meiosis
46. Which disease is caused by the deficiency of insulin?
a) Goiter
b) Diabetes mellitus
c) Scurvy
d) Rickets
Answer: b) Diabetes mellitus
47. The causative agent of malaria is:
a) Bacteria
b) Virus
c) Protozoan
d) Fungus
Answer: c) Protozoan
48. Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin upon exposure to sunlight?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
Answer: d) Vitamin D
49. The process of shedding the old skin in reptiles is called:
a) Metamorphosis
b) Molting
c) Regeneration
d) Hibernation
Answer: b) Molting
50. Which gas is primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect?
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Argon
Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
Biology MCQ For NEET Set 2 (Questions 51–100)
51. Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?
a) Mitochondria
b) Lysosome
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Ribosome
Answer: b) Lysosome
52. The primary site of lipid synthesis in a cell is:
a) Rough ER
b) Smooth ER
c) Nucleus
d) Peroxisome
Answer: b) Smooth ER
53. Centrioles are involved in:
a) Protein synthesis
b) Cell division
c) Lipid metabolism
d) Detoxification
Answer: b) Cell division
54. Which molecule provides energy for active transport?
a) Glucose
b) ATP
c) NADH
d) FADH2
Answer: b) ATP
55. The cell wall of bacteria is primarily composed of:
a) Cellulose
b) Chitin
c) Peptidoglycan
d) Lignin
Answer: c) Peptidoglycan
56. A codon consists of how many nucleotides?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: b) 3
57. Which of the following is a sexlinked disorder?
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Hemophilia
c) Cystic fibrosis
d) Phenylketonuria
Answer: b) Hemophilia
58. The process of copying DNA into mRNA is called:
a) Translation
b) Transcription
c) Replication
d) Translocation
Answer: b) Transcription
59. A mutation that changes a single nucleotide is called:
a) Frameshift mutation
b) Point mutation
c) Deletion
d) Insertion
Answer: b) Point mutation
60. Which blood group is the universal recipient?
a) A+
b) B
c) AB+
d) O+
Answer: c) AB+
61. The hormone that regulates blood calcium levels is:
a) Insulin
b) Parathormone
c) Thyroxine
d) Cortisol
Answer: b) Parathormone
62. Which part of the eye is responsible for color vision?
a) Cornea
b) Retina
c) Iris
d) Lens
Answer: b) Retina
63. The smallest bone in the human body is:
a) Stapes
b) Incus
c) Malleus
d) Phalanges
Answer: a) Stapes
64. Which organ filters blood to produce urine?
a) Liver
b) Kidney
c) Spleen
d) Pancreas
Answer: b) Kidney
65. The pacemaker of the heart is:
a) SA node
b) AV node
c) Purkinje fibers
d) Bundle of His
Answer: a) SA node
66. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B12
c) Vitamin K
d) Vitamin E
Answer: c) Vitamin K
67. The primary site of nutrient absorption in humans is:
a) Stomach
b) Small intestine
c) Large intestine
d) Esophagus
Answer: b) Small intestine
68. Which gas binds to hemoglobin more strongly than oxygen?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon monoxide
d) Hydrogen
Answer: c) Carbon monoxide
69. The functional unit of muscle contraction is:
a) Neuron
b) Sarcomere
c) Myofibril
d) Tendon
Answer: b) Sarcomere
70. Goiter is caused by a deficiency of:
a) Iron
b) Iodine
c) Calcium
d) Magnesium
Answer: b) Iodine
71. Which hormone inhibits plant growth?
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Abscisic acid
d) Cytokinin
Answer: c) Abscisic acid
72. The movement of water up the xylem is driven by:
a) Root pressure
b) Transpiration pull
c) Capillary action
d) Osmosis
Answer: b) Transpiration pull
73. Which process converts light energy into chemical energy?
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Transpiration
d) Glycolysis
Answer: b) Photosynthesis
74. The site of lightdependent reactions in chloroplasts is:
a) Stroma
b) Thylakoid membrane
c) Outer membrane
d) Inner envelope
Answer: b) Thylakoid membrane
75. Which mineral is essential for chlorophyll synthesis?
a) Potassium
b) Magnesium
c) Calcium
d) Phosphorus
Answer: b) Magnesium
76. The end product of anaerobic respiration in muscles is:
a) Ethanol
b) Lactic acid
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Water
Answer: b) Lactic acid
77. The total number of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule in aerobic respiration is:
a) 3638
b) 2
c) 10
d) 20
Answer: a) 3638
78. Which coenzyme is involved in the Krebs cycle?
a) NAD+
b) ATP
c) GTP
d) ADP
Answer: a) NAD+
79. The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose is called:
a) Glycogenesis
b) Glycogenolysis
c) Gluconeogenesis
d) Glycolysis
Answer: b) Glycogenolysis
80. The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetylCoA is:
a) Pyruvate kinase
b) Pyruvate dehydrogenase
c) Lactate dehydrogenase
d) Hexokinase
Answer: b) Pyruvate dehydrogenase
81. The first trophic level in a food chain consists of:
a) Herbivores
b) Carnivores
c) Producers
d) Decomposers
Answer: c) Producers
82. Which gas contributes most to global warming?
a) Methane
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrous oxide
d) Ozone
Answer: b) Carbon dioxide
83. The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem is:
a) Glucose
b) Sunlight
c) ATP
d) Biomass
Answer: b) Sunlight
84. Denitrification converts:
a) Nitrogen gas to nitrates
b) Nitrates to nitrogen gas
c) Ammonia to nitrates
d) Nitrates to ammonia
Answer: b) Nitrates to nitrogen gas
85. A stable ecosystem is characterized by:
a) High species diversity
b) Low species diversity
c) Frequent disturbances
d) No predators
Answer: a) High species diversity
86. Which scientist proposed the theory of natural selection?
a) Lamarck
b) Darwin
c) Wallace
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
87. Analogous structures are evidence of:
a) Divergent evolution
b) Convergent evolution
c) Genetic drift
d) Mutation
Answer: b) Convergent evolution
88. The process of speciation is most likely to occur in:
a) Large populations
b) Isolated populations
c) Stable environments
d) Homogeneous habitats
Answer: b) Isolated populations
89. Which organism lacks a true nucleus?
a) Amoeba
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) Algae
Answer: b) Bacteria
90. The largest class of vertebrates is:
a) Mammalia
b) Reptilia
c) Pisces
d) Aves
Answer: c) Pisces
91. The site of sperm production in males is:
a) Epididymis
b) Seminiferous tubules
c) Vas deferens
d) Prostate gland
Answer: b) Seminiferous tubules
92. Pollination by wind is common in:
a) Roses
b) Grasses
c) Orchids
d) Sunflowers
Answer: b) Grasses
93. The hormone responsible for milk ejection is:
a) Prolactin
b) Oxytocin
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone
Answer: b) Oxytocin
94. Vegetative propagation in plants occurs through:
a) Seeds
b) Spores
c) Rhizomes
d) Pollen
Answer: c) Rhizomes
95. The fusion of male and female gametes is called:
a) Fertilization
b) Meiosis
c) Mitosis
d) Cleavage
Answer: a) Fertilization
96. The causative agent of AIDS is:
a) Bacteria
b) Virus
c) Fungus
d) Protozoan
Answer: b) Virus
97. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of:
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
Answer: c) Vitamin C
98. Which organism is a decomposer?
a) Earthworm
b) Snake
c) Eagle
d) Tiger
Answer: a) Earthworm
99. The process of shedding leaves in response to seasonal changes is:
a) Abscission
b) Transpiration
c) Wilting
d) Senescence
Answer: a) Abscission
100. Which disease is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito?
a) Malaria
b) Dengue
c) Tuberculosis
d) Typhoid
Answer: b) Dengue
Biology MCQ For NEET Set 3 (Questions 101–150)
101. The process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template is:
a) Replication
b) Transcription
c) Translation
d) Transformation
Answer: b) Transcription
102. Which organelle is involved in the detoxification of drugs?
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Smooth ER
c) Lysosome
d) Peroxisome
Answer: b) Smooth ER
103. The enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments during DNA replication is:
a) Helicase
b) Polymerase
c) Ligase
d) Primase
Answer: c) Ligase
104. Which type of cell division produces genetically identical cells?
a) Meiosis
b) Mitosis
c) Binary fission
d) Budding
Answer: b) Mitosis
105. The primary component of plant cell walls is:
a) Peptidoglycan
b) Chitin
c) Cellulose
d) Lignin
Answer: c) Cellulose
106. The genetic disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21 is:
a) Turner syndrome
b) Klinefelter syndrome
c) Down syndrome
d) Phenylketonuria
Answer: c) Down syndrome
107. The term “allele” refers to:
a) Different forms of a gene
b) Identical chromosomes
c) A pair of genes
d) Noncoding DNA
Answer: a) Different forms of a gene
108. Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
a) Thymine
b) Uracil
c) Adenine
d) Guanine
Answer: b) Uracil
109. The inheritance pattern of sickle cell anemia is:
a) Autosomal dominant
b) Autosomal recessive
c) Xlinked dominant
d) Xlinked recessive
Answer: b) Autosomal recessive
110. The number of chromosomes in a human gamete is:
a) 23
b) 46
c) 22
d) 44
Answer: a) 23
111. The hormone that regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys is:
a) Aldosterone
b) ADH
c) Cortisol
d) Renin
Answer: b) ADH
112. Which part of the neuron transmits impulses away from the cell body?
a) Dendrite
b) Axon
c) Soma
d) Synapse
Answer: b) Axon
113. The pigment responsible for oxygen transport in blood is:
a) Chlorophyll
b) Hemoglobin
c) Melanin
d) Myoglobin
Answer: b) Hemoglobin
114. The enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate digestion is:
a) Pepsin
b) Amylase
c) Lipase
d) Trypsin
Answer: b) Amylase
115. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?
a) Right atrium
b) Right ventricle
c) Left atrium
d) Left ventricle
Answer: d) Left ventricle
116. The deficiency of which mineral causes anemia?
a) Calcium
b) Iron
c) Magnesium
d) Potassium
Answer: b) Iron
117. The junction between two neurons is called:
a) Synapse
b) Axon hillock
c) Node of Ranvier
d) Myelin sheath
Answer: a) Synapse
118. Which organ produces bile?
a) Pancreas
b) Liver
c) Gallbladder
d) Stomach
Answer: b) Liver
119. The auditory ossicles are located in the:
a) Inner ear
b) Middle ear
c) Outer ear
d) Cochlea
Answer: b) Middle ear
120. Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Adrenaline
d) Glucagon
Answer: b) Thyroxine
121. The process by which plants lose water vapor through stomata is:
a) Guttation
b) Transpiration
c) Osmosis
d) Diffusion
Answer: b) Transpiration
122. Which gas is a byproduct of the lightindependent reactions of photosynthesis?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: a) Oxygen
123. The hormone that promotes fruit ripening is:
a) Auxin
b) Ethylene
c) Gibberellin
d) Cytokinin
Answer: b) Ethylene
124. The primary source of energy for photosynthesis is:
a) Glucose
b) Sunlight
c) ATP
d) Water
Answer: b) Sunlight
125. The movement of substances against a concentration gradient is called:
a) Diffusion
b) Osmosis
c) Active transport
d) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: c) Active transport
126. The process of converting nitrate into ammonia in plants is:
a) Nitrification
b) Denitrification
c) Nitrate reduction
d) Nitrogen fixation
Answer: c) Nitrate reduction
127. The molecule that stores energy in muscles is:
a) Glycogen
b) Creatine phosphate
c) Hemoglobin
d) Myosin
Answer: b) Creatine phosphate
128. The stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm is:
a) Glycolysis
b) Krebs cycle
c) Electron transport chain
d) Oxidative phosphorylation
Answer: a) Glycolysis
129. The vitamin required for the synthesis of coenzyme A is:
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B5
c) Vitamin B12
d) Vitamin C
Answer: b) Vitamin B5
130. The number of carbon dioxide molecules produced per glucose in the Krebs cycle is:
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
Answer: b) 4
131. The organisms that break down dead organic matter are called:
a) Producers
b) Consumers
c) Decomposers
d) Predators
Answer: c) Decomposers
132. The term “ecological niche” refers to:
a) The physical habitat of an organism
b) The role of an organism in its ecosystem
c) The population size of a species
d) The food chain level
Answer: b) The role of an organism in its ecosystem
133. The process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia is:
a) Nitrification
b) Nitrogen fixation
c) Denitrification
d) Assimilation
Answer: b) Nitrogen fixation
134. The largest ecosystem on Earth is:
a) Forest
b) Desert
c) Ocean
d) Grassland
Answer: c) Ocean
135. The term “biodiversity” refers to:
a) The number of species in an ecosystem
b) The variety of life forms on Earth
c) The biomass of an ecosystem
d) The energy flow in a food chain
Answer: b) The variety of life forms on Earth
136. The process of evolution where unrelated species develop similar traits is:
a) Divergent evolution
b) Convergent evolution
c) Adaptive radiation
d) Genetic drift
Answer: b) Convergent evolution
137. The earliest organisms on Earth were likely:
a) Prokaryotes
b) Eukaryotes
c) Fungi
d) Plants
Answer: a) Prokaryotes
138. The structures that are reduced and nonfunctional in an organism are:
a) Homologous
b) Analogous
c) Vestigial
d) Adaptive
Answer: c) Vestigial
139. The kingdom that includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms is:
a) Monera
b) Protista
c) Fungi
d) Plantae
Answer: b) Protista
140. The phylum characterized by a notochord at some stage is:
a) Arthropoda
b) Chordata
c) Mollusca
d) Echinodermata
Answer: b) Chordata
141. The process of sperm formation is called:
a) Oogenesis
b) Spermatogenesis
c) Fertilization
d) Ovulation
Answer: b) Spermatogenesis
142. The part of the flower that develops into a fruit is:
a) Ovary
b) Stigma
c) Anther
d) Petal
Answer: a) Ovary
143. The hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy is:
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) FSH
d) LH
Answer: b) Progesterone
144. The type of reproduction that involves budding is:
a) Sexual
b) Asexual
c) Binary fission
d) Conjugation
Answer: b) Asexual
145. The structure that protects the embryo in flowering plants is:
a) Seed coat
b) Endosperm
c) Cotyledon
d) Embryo sac
Answer: a) Seed coat
146. The disease caused by a protozoan and transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito is:
a) Dengue
b) Malaria
c) Cholera
d) Typhoid
Answer: b) Malaria
147. The deficiency of which vitamin causes rickets?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
Answer: d) Vitamin D
148. The causative agent of tuberculosis is:
a) Virus
b) Bacteria
c) Fungus
d) Protozoan
Answer: b) Bacteria
149. The process by which animals enter a dormant state to survive harsh conditions is:
a) Migration
b) Hibernation
c) Metamorphosis
d) Regeneration
Answer: b) Hibernation
150. The largest organ of the human body is:
a) Liver
b) Skin
c) Brain
d) Heart
Answer: b) Skin
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